Drafting Guide

Under the CROWN, the PARTIES receive an ADDRESS; a RECITAL becomes a COMMAND, sealed with a WARNING — beneath which the INDORSEMENT sets out the claim.

1. 1 CROWN Crown on top, court named, suit numbered, year stamped.
2. 2 PARTIES Between two named souls — plaintiff above, defendant below.
3. 3 ADDRESS Speak the defendant's name aloud — this letter is for you.
4. 4 RECITAL An action has been raised — the writ has dropped.
5. 5 COMMAND Eight days, enter appearance — the court is no longer asking.
6. 6 WARNING Silent — judgment falls. Slow — the writ itself dies in twelve months unless renewed.
7. 7 INDORSEMENT The writ also says what you want — claim it here, repeat it in the pleading.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES open a HEADING; AVERMENTS build the case, RELIEF claims the remedy, sealed by a SIGNATURE.

1. 1 COURT Court named, division noted, year stamped, suit numbered.
2. 2 PARTIES Between two named souls — plaintiff above, defendant below.
3. 3 HEADING Statement of Claim — the story begins.
4. 4 AVERMENTS Numbered facts only, no evidence — one paragraph, one point.
5. 5 RELIEF Recovery, interest, damages, costs — claim the full set.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Dated, signed, licenced, served on Registrar and Defendant.

Under the COURT, the TITLE names the suer and the hat he wears; the writ states its CLAIM, then swears the CAPACITY — which must be CARRIED THROUGH every later pleading.

1. 1 COURT Crown on top, court named, suit numbered — a representative writ opens like any other.
2. 2 TITLE & PARTIES Name first, then in brackets the hat he wears — 'on behalf of' rides in the title.
3. 3 CLAIM The family's claim, stated short on the writ's own face.
4. 4 INDORSEMENT AS TO CAPACITY Beneath the claim, the writ swears the capacity — Order 2 rule 4.
5. 5 CARRY IT THROUGH Title, indorsement, every pleading — say the capacity three times or risk the challenge.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES meet a HEADING; the NOTICE enters appearance, a SIGNATURE seals it, the CERTIFICATE proves it filed.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the defendant steps in to defend.
2. 2 PARTIES Between the same two named souls — plaintiff above, defendant below.
3. 3 HEADING Notice of Appearance — the defendant says 'I will defend.
4. 4 NOTICE Take notice: appearance entered, address for service given.
5. 5 SIGNATURE Dated, signed by the lawyer, served on the plaintiff — in triplicate.
6. 6 CERTIFICATE The Registrar certifies that appearance was entered.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES meet at a HEADING; a NOTICE enters appearance under protest, a SIGNATURE gives an address for service, and a CERTIFICATE records it on the file.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — even appearing under protest uses the suit's own heading.
2. 2 PARTIES Plain Plaintiff and Defendant — a notice is not a motion, so no Applicant/Respondent here.
3. 3 HEADING Name it — a CONDITIONAL appearance, the word that preserves the objection.
4. 4 NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — the Defendant enters CONDITIONAL appearance through its lawyers — but it must follow up within 14 days.
5. 5 SIGNATURE Dated, signed for the Defendant, filed with the Registrar, served on the Plaintiff.
6. 6 CERTIFICATE The Registrar certifies the appearance was entered — the official record that it happened.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES face a HEADING; a TRAVERSE denies, ANSWERS specify, sealed by a SIGNATURE.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit number, same year — the defendant answers in place.
2. 2 PARTIES Between the same two named souls — plaintiff above, defendant below.
3. 3 HEADING Statement of Defence, filed on behalf of the defendant — the answer begins.
4. 4 TRAVERSE Save what I admit, I deny everything as if set out in extenso and denied seriatim.
5. 5 ANSWERS Paragraph by paragraph — admit, deny, or add a further answer.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Dated, signed, licenced, served on Registrar and Plaintiff's lawyer.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES double up at a HEADING; a DEFENCE guards, a COUNTERCLAIM strikes back, sealed by a SIGNATURE.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — defence and counterclaim in one document.
2. 2 PARTIES First the action; then 'AND BY WAY OF COUNTERCLAIM' — roles flip, a new party may join.
3. 3 HEADING Statement of Defence AND Counterclaim — two pleadings, one paper.
4. 4 DEFENCE Traverse and answer first — defend before you attack.
5. 5 COUNTERCLAIM Now the defendant becomes the claimant — repeat, claim, pray.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Dated, signed, licenced, served on the plaintiff and any new party.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES stand unflipped at a HEADING; a REPLY joins issue, a DEFENCE TO COUNTERCLAIM denies the cross-claim, sealed by a SIGNATURE.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the Plaintiff answers back inside the very same action.
2. 2 PARTIES Same parties, NO role-flip — but the joined Defendant to Counterclaim now sits in the title.
3. 3 HEADING One heading, two pleadings — a Reply to the Defence AND a Defence to the Counterclaim, in the same paper.
4. 4 REPLY Join issue generally — a Reply usually does no more than deny the Defence afresh.
5. 5 DEFENCE TO COUNTERCLAIM Now defend the cross-claim — deny its paragraphs, then say why no sum is owed.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Dated, signed for the PLAINTIFF, served on BOTH the Defendant and the Defendant to Counterclaim.

The PLEA raises the set-off, the PARTICULARS prove the cross-sum, the LINK ties it to the counterclaim.

1. 1 PLEA A shield: I set off what you owe me against what you claim.
2. 2 PARTICULARS Show the cross-sum: when it arose, how much, what's been paid.
3. 3 LINK Same money, two lives — also added as a counterclaim.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES show a Plaintiff/Applicant and a bare Defendant (no Respondent) at a HEADING; a MOTION ex parte prays for substituted service, a HEARING date calls the court, sealed by a SIGNATURE with no service line.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — substituted service is the first step: getting the writ delivered.
2. 2 PARTIES Only the mover gets a second label — the Plaintiff is the Applicant; the Defendant takes NO ‘– Respondent’, because ex parte means no notice.
3. 3 HEADING Name the application — an EX PARTE motion for an order for substituted service.
4. 4 MOTION MOTION EX PARTE — pray to serve the writ by other means, then LIST the methods.
5. 5 HEARING Give the court a date — but as an ex parte motion there are no clear-days of notice to the other side.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Plaintiff – Applicant, filed with the Registrar — and NO 'AND TO' line, because no one is served.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES wear double labels at a HEADING; an OATH names the deponent, the GROUNDS prove the failed attempts at service, sworn shut by a JURAT.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the affidavit wears the title of the cause it supports.
2. 2 PARTIES Identical title to the motion — Plaintiff – Applicant and a bare Defendant (no Respondent, because the motion is ex parte).
3. 3 HEADING Name the deponent in the heading — AFFIDAVIT OF (name) IN SUPPORT OF the motion.
4. 4 OATH I, name of address, make oath and say — who I am, my authority, and leave to refer to the file.
5. 5 GROUNDS Writ issued · THREE attempts failed · defendant evasive · service will keep failing · court may dispense.
6. 6 JURAT WHEREFORE I swear — SWORN AT (place) THIS (date), deponent signs, Commissioner signs.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES reach a defendant abroad at a HEADING; a MOTION ex parte prays for leave to serve notice abroad, a HEARING date calls the court, sealed by a SIGNATURE with no service line.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — leave to serve abroad is the first step: getting notice of the writ overseas.
2. 2 PARTIES Plaintiff – Applicant, suing per her solicitor; the Defendant (no Respondent) is overseas.
3. 3 HEADING Name the application — an EX PARTE motion for leave to serve NOTICE of the writ abroad.
4. 4 MOTION MOTION EX PARTE — leave to serve notice abroad, a time to appear, and leave to serve by airmail.
5. 5 HEARING Give the court a date — but as an ex parte motion there is no clear-days notice to the other side.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Plaintiff – Applicant, filed with the Registrar — and NO 'AND TO' line, because it is ex parte.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES reach a defendant abroad at a HEADING; an OATH names the deponent, the GROUNDS show a good cause and a proper case for serving out, sworn shut by a JURAT.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the affidavit wears the title of the cause it supports.
2. 2 PARTIES Identical title to the motion — Plaintiff – Applicant (per her solicitor) and the overseas Defendant (no Respondent, the application being ex parte).
3. 3 HEADING Name the deponent in the heading — AFFIDAVIT OF (name) IN SUPPORT OF the motion.
4. 4 OATH I, name of address, make oath and say — who I am, and that I may depose to these facts.
5. 5 GROUNDS Where the defendant is · notice not writ · good cause · proper case within Order 8 r 3 · airmail.
6. 6 JURAT WHEREFORE I swear — SWORN AT (place) THIS (date), deponent signs, Commissioner signs.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES reverse their labels at a HEADING; a TAKE NOTICE prays to strike out the claim, a HEARING date calls the court, sealed by a SIGNATURE.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — striking out is a step INSIDE the running action.
2. 2 PARTIES Labels REVERSE — the Plaintiff is the Respondent; the Defendant bringing it is the Applicant.
3. 3 HEADING Name the application — an order to STRIKE OUT the claim against the 2nd Defendant.
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — Counsel prays to strike out the claim for disclosing NO reasonable cause of action.
5. 5 HEARING Give the court a date on the ordinary three clear days' notice.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the 2nd Defendant – Applicant, filed with the Registrar, served on the Plaintiff – Respondent.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES reverse their labels at a HEADING; an OATH names the deponent, the GROUNDS show no claim lies against him, sworn shut by a JURAT.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the affidavit wears the title of the cause it supports.
2. 2 PARTIES Identical reversed title — Plaintiff – Respondent, 1st Defendant, 2nd Defendant – Applicant.
3. 3 HEADING Name the deponent in the heading — AFFIDAVIT OF (name) IN SUPPORT OF the motion.
4. 4 OATH I, name of address, make oath and say — who I am, my authority, and leave to refer to the file.
5. 5 GROUNDS Writ issued · I acted only as the company's agent · so the claim shows no cause of action against me.
6. 6 JURAT WHEREFORE I swear — SWORN AT (place) THIS (date), deponent signs, Commissioner signs.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES wear double labels at a HEADING; a TAKE NOTICE prays for judgment now, a HEARING date calls the court, sealed by a SIGNATURE.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — summary judgment is a step INSIDE the running action.
2. 2 PARTIES Double labels — the Plaintiff is also the Applicant; the Defendant is also the Respondent.
3. 3 HEADING Name the application — a MOTION ON NOTICE for summary judgment, so the other side is heard.
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — Counsel prays for summary judgment, then LISTS the reliefs sought.
5. 5 HEARING Give the court a date — and serve at least FOUR clear days ahead, not the usual three.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Plaintiff – Applicant, filed with the Registrar, served on the Defendant – Respondent.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES wear double labels at a HEADING; an OATH names the deponent, the GROUNDS verify the claim and swear there is no defence, sworn shut by a JURAT.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the affidavit wears the title of the cause it supports.
2. 2 PARTIES Identical title to the motion — Plaintiff – Applicant and Defendant – Respondent.
3. 3 HEADING Name the deponent in the heading — AFFIDAVIT OF (name) IN SUPPORT OF the motion.
4. 4 OATH I, name of address, make oath and say — who I am, my authority, and leave to refer to the file.
5. 5 GROUNDS Verify the claim — writ issued, appearance filed, sum due — then swear: NO DEFENCE.
6. 6 JURAT WHEREFORE I swear — SWORN AT (place) THIS (date), deponent signs, Commissioner signs.

Under the COURT, the DEPONENT meets a TITLE; the DEFENCE is disclosed and exhibited, the PRAYER asks for leave to defend, the JURAT swears it true.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — sworn against the plaintiff's motion.
2. 2 DEPONENT I have authority; the facts are within my knowledge; I have read their affidavit.
3. 3 TITLE Affidavit in Opposition — showing cause against summary judgment.
4. 4 DEFENCE Disclose the defence with specifics and EXHIBIT the proof — never a bare denial.
5. 5 PRAYER Refuse summary judgment, grant UNCONDITIONAL leave to defend, costs.
6. 6 JURAT Sworn before a commissioner — and every paragraph must be TRUE.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES wear double labels at a HEADING; a MOTION ex parte prays for judgment in default of appearance, a HEARING date calls the court, sealed by a SIGNATURE.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — default of appearance is the earliest disposal, but still inside the action.
2. 2 PARTIES Double labels — the Plaintiff is also the Applicant; the non-appearing Defendant is the Respondent.
3. 3 HEADING Name it — an EX PARTE motion for judgment in default of APPEARANCE (not defence).
4. 4 MOTION MOTION EX PARTE — Counsel prays for FINAL judgment against the Defendant in default of appearance.
5. 5 HEARING Give the court a date — but as an ex parte motion there is no clear-days notice to the other side.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Plaintiff – Applicant — and still addressed to the served-but-absent Defendant.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES wear double labels at a HEADING; an OATH names the deponent, the GROUNDS prove due service and the failure to appear, sworn shut by a JURAT.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the affidavit wears the title of the cause it supports.
2. 2 PARTIES Identical title to the motion — Plaintiff – Applicant and the non-appearing Defendant – Respondent.
3. 3 HEADING Name the deponent in the heading — AFFIDAVIT OF (name) IN SUPPORT OF the motion.
4. 4 OATH I, name of address, make oath and say — who I am, my authority, and leave to refer to the file.
5. 5 GROUNDS Writ DULY SERVED · time for appearance gone · a search shows no appearance · so judgment may enter.
6. 6 JURAT WHEREFORE I swear — SWORN AT (place) THIS (date), deponent signs, Commissioner signs.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES wear double labels at a HEADING; a MOTION prays for judgment in default, a HEARING date calls the court, sealed by a SIGNATURE.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — default judgment is a step INSIDE the running action.
2. 2 PARTIES Double labels — the Plaintiff is also the Applicant; the Defendant is also the Respondent.
3. 3 HEADING Name the application — JUDGMENT IN DEFAULT OF DEFENCE, brought on notice.
4. 4 MOTION MOTION ON NOTICE — Counsel prays for judgment in default of defence, on the grounds in the affidavit.
5. 5 HEARING Give the court a date — on at least THREE clear days' notice (the ordinary motion rule).
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Plaintiff – Applicant, filed with the Registrar, served on the defaulting Defendant.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES wear double labels at a HEADING; an OATH names the deponent, the GROUNDS prove the default by a registry search, sworn shut by a JURAT.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the affidavit wears the title of the cause it supports.
2. 2 PARTIES Identical title to the motion — Plaintiff – Applicant and Defendant – Respondent.
3. 3 HEADING Name the deponent in the heading — AFFIDAVIT OF (name) IN SUPPORT OF the motion.
4. 4 OATH I, name of address, make oath and say — who I am, my authority, and leave to refer to the file.
5. 5 GROUNDS Prove the default — writ issued, a SEARCH shows no defence, time elapsed, so judgment may enter.
6. 6 JURAT WHEREFORE I swear — SWORN AT (place) THIS (date), deponent signs, Commissioner signs.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES face a TITLE; the MOTION prays to set aside, a SIGNATURE dates and seals it, the SERVICE sends it to the Registrar and the plaintiff.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the defendant comes back to undo the default.
2. 2 PARTIES Plaintiff/Respondent above, Defendant/Applicant below — the roles double up.
3. 3 TITLE Motion on Notice — to set the default judgment aside.
4. 4 MOTION Set aside, let me in to defend, and stay execution meanwhile.
5. 5 SIGNATURE Court to be moved, dated, and signed by the solicitor.
6. 6 SERVICE Filed with the Registrar, served on the plaintiff — on notice.

Under the COURT, the DEPONENT meets a TITLE; the BODY climbs the two limbs, the PRAYER asks for the merits, the JURAT swears it true.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — sworn in support of the motion.
2. 2 DEPONENT I, the Defendant/Applicant, make oath and say — on my own knowledge.
3. 3 TITLE Affidavit in support — the sworn ground of the motion.
4. 4 BODY Regular or irregular? Then the two limbs — explain the default, show the defence.
5. 5 PRAYER Whereof I swear in support — willing to abide by the court's terms.
6. 6 JURAT Sworn before a commissioner for oaths — and it must be TRUE.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES show an Applicant and a Respondent; a HEADING names it a motion ON NOTICE under Order 19 rr.1 and 2; a TAKE NOTICE warns of a hearing at least three clear days off and prays the relief; the GROUNDS rest on the accompanying affidavit; and a SIGNATURE seals it, served on notice on the Respondent.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the suit already running — a motion is a step INSIDE the pending action, not a new case.
2. 2 PARTIES The mover is the APPLICANT; the party served is the RESPONDENT — the same suit title, recast for the motion.
3. 3 HEADING Name the application — MOTION ON NOTICE FOR [the relief] — and cite the envelope rule (Order 19 rr.1, 2) plus the Order that grounds the relief.
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — moved on a date NOT LESS THAN THREE CLEAR DAYS after service, praying (a) the order; (b) further orders; (c) costs.
5. 5 GROUNDS UPON THE GROUNDS set out in the accompanying AFFIDAVIT — the motion asks; the affidavit proves.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Applicant, filed with the Registrar, and served ON NOTICE on the Respondent at least three clear days before the hearing.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES block carries the suit title; a HEADING names it the Affidavit in Support; the OATH opens with the Applicant making oath; the GROUNDS depose the facts — the documents exist, are in the Respondent's possession, and are relevant — and name Order 21; and a JURAT seals it, sworn before a Commissioner for Oaths.

1. 1 COURT Same masthead as the motion — the affidavit is filed in the SAME suit, under the SAME number.
2. 2 PARTIES The suit title — Plaintiff/Applicant and Defendant/Respondent, exactly as on the motion.
3. 3 HEADING Name the document — AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT — the sworn pair of the motion on notice.
4. 4 OATH I, NAME, occupation, address, MAKE OATH AND SAY — then para 1: I am the Applicant, duly authorised to depose.
5. 5 GROUNDS The facts that justify the order — the documents EXIST · are in the Respondent's POSSESSION · are RELEVANT — then name the grounding Order (21) and verify the source.
6. 6 JURAT SWORN AT… this … day of … BEFORE ME… a Commissioner for Oaths — the jurat that makes it evidence.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES show a Plaintiff/Applicant and a bare Defendant (no Respondent); a HEADING names it a motion EX PARTE under Order 19 r.3; a TAKE NOTICE says the court will be moved ex parte — no three clear days, no costs — praying only the interim relief; the GROUNDS rest on the accompanying affidavit and its three extra burdens; and a SIGNATURE seals it — filed but NOT served before the hearing, and served forthwith if granted.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the suit already running — even an ex parte application is a step INSIDE the pending action.
2. 2 PARTIES Only the mover gains a label — Plaintiff/Applicant; the Defendant takes NO ‘/Respondent’, because ex parte means he is not served before the hearing.
3. 3 HEADING Name it — MOTION EX PARTE FOR [the interim relief] — and cite the gate rule (Order 19 r.3) plus the Order that grounds the relief (Order 25 r.1).
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE Moved EX PARTE — NO three clear days, NO costs prayer — praying only (a) the interim relief and (b) the catch-all.
5. 5 GROUNDS UPON THE GROUNDS in the accompanying AFFIDAVIT — which on an ex parte motion must do THREE extra things.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Applicant, filed with the Registrar — but NOT served before the hearing; if granted, served FORTHWITH, and it lapses in ten days unless extended on notice.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES block carries the suit title; a HEADING names it the Affidavit in Support; the OATH opens with the Applicant making oath; the GROUNDS do the three extra things — good reason, precise damage, full and frank disclosure — then give undertakings; and a JURAT seals it, sworn before a Commissioner for Oaths.

1. 1 COURT Same masthead as the ex parte motion — sworn in the SAME suit, under the SAME number.
2. 2 PARTIES The suit title — Plaintiff/Applicant and a bare Defendant (no Respondent) — and that Defendant is not present to be heard.
3. 3 HEADING Name the document — AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT — the sworn pair of the ex parte motion.
4. 4 OATH I, NAME, occupation, address, MAKE OATH AND SAY — para 1: I am the Applicant; para 2: the facts giving rise to the application.
5. 5 GROUNDS The THREE extra burdens — (3) GOOD REASON for no notice · (4) PRECISE NATURE of the damage · (5) FULL AND FRANK DISCLOSURE — then (6) UNDERTAKINGS, (7) verification.
6. 6 JURAT SWORN AT… this … day of … BEFORE ME… a Commissioner for Oaths — the jurat that puts the deponent's name behind every word.

A COURT masthead carries the title of the cause (r.3); the PARTIES block names the suit; a HEADING names the document — Affidavit of the deponent; the OATH opens in the first person — I, name, occupation, address, MAKE OATH AND SAY (r.4); the GROUNDS set out the facts in numbered paragraphs — only what can be proved, sourcing any interlocutory belief (r.8), and exhibiting documents marked and certified (r.14); and a JURAT seals it, sworn before a Commissioner for Oaths and never the party's own lawyer (r.11).

1. 1 COURT Every affidavit bears the TITLE OF THE CAUSE — the same court, region and suit number as the action it belongs to.
2. 2 PARTIES The suit title — Plaintiff and Defendant — reproduced unchanged, so the registry can match the affidavit to its action at a glance.
3. 3 HEADING Name the document and the deponent — AFFIDAVIT OF [NAME] — and, where it serves a motion, say IN SUPPORT or IN OPPOSITION.
4. 4 OATH I, NAME, of ADDRESS, OCCUPATION, [whether employed by a party], MAKE OATH AND SAY — first person, then paragraph 1: who I am and that the facts are within my knowledge (r.4).
5. 5 GROUNDS Numbered paragraphs, ONE point each: (2) facts you can PROVE; (3) interlocutory INFO/BELIEF with its SOURCE and GROUNDS; (4) the EXHIBIT, marked and certified (r.8, r.14).
6. 6 JURAT SWORN AT… this … day of … BEFORE ME, a Commissioner for Oaths — full address, date, officer's name and title (r.4) — and NEVER the party's own lawyer (r.11).

Under the COURT, the PARTIES wear double labels at a HEADING; a TAKE NOTICE prays to restrain the Defendant, a HEARING date calls the court, sealed by a SIGNATURE.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — an injunction is a holding order INSIDE the running action.
2. 2 PARTIES Double labels — the Plaintiff is also the Applicant; the Defendant is also the Respondent.
3. 3 HEADING Name the application — an INTERLOCUTORY INJUNCTION, brought on notice.
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — Counsel prays to RESTRAIN the Defendant and all acting through it, until final determination.
5. 5 HEARING Give the court a date on three clear days' notice — or, in urgency, go ex parte for up to ten days.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Plaintiff – Applicant, filed with the Registrar, served on the Defendant – Respondent.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES wear double labels at a HEADING; an OATH names the deponent, the GROUNDS show the threat, the irreparable harm and the undertaking, sworn shut by a JURAT.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the affidavit wears the title of the cause it supports.
2. 2 PARTIES Identical title to the motion — Plaintiff – Applicant and Defendant – Respondent.
3. 3 HEADING Name the deponent in the heading — AFFIDAVIT OF (name) IN SUPPORT OF the motion.
4. 4 OATH I, name of address, make oath and say — who I am, my authority, and leave to refer to the file.
5. 5 GROUNDS Serious question · damages won't do · balance of convenience · and I undertake as to damages.
6. 6 JURAT WHEREFORE I swear — SWORN AT (place) THIS (date), deponent signs, Commissioner signs.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES wear double labels at a HEADING; THE LAW states the three-prong test, the ARGUMENT applies each prong and offers the undertaking, and a CONCLUSION urges the grant.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the statement of case wears the title of the cause it argues.
2. 2 PARTIES Identical title to the motion — Plaintiff – Applicant and Defendant – Respondent.
3. 3 HEADING Name the document — STATEMENT OF CASE OF THE APPLICANT (O.25 r 1(3)) — then introduce the relief and the suit.
4. 4 THE LAW The three-prong test: serious issue · irreparable harm · balance of convenience — all three.
5. 5 ARGUMENT Take each prong in turn, apply it to the facts — then offer the undertaking as to damages.
6. 6 CONCLUSION All three prongs crossed — the Court is respectfully urged to grant the injunction.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES gain an Applicant at a HEADING; a TAKE NOTICE states the prayer, a HEARING date calls the court, sealed by a SIGNATURE.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — a motion is a step INSIDE the action, not a new case.
2. 2 PARTIES Plaintiff, Defendant — then the APPLICANT, the newcomer asking to be let in.
3. 3 HEADING Name the application — a MOTION ON NOTICE, so the other side is warned and heard.
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — Counsel will move the court, praying for joinder, on the grounds in the accompanying affidavit.
5. 5 HEARING Give the court a date — moved on the day, at 9 in the forenoon, on at least three clear days' notice.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Applicant, filed with the Registrar, served on BOTH the Plaintiff and the Defendant.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES include the Applicant at a HEADING; an OATH names the deponent, the GROUNDS show her interest, sworn shut by a JURAT.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the affidavit wears the title of the cause it supports.
2. 2 PARTIES Identical title to the motion — Plaintiff, Defendant, and the Applicant deposing.
3. 3 HEADING Name the deponent in the heading — AFFIDAVIT OF (name) IN SUPPORT OF the motion.
4. 4 OATH I, name of address, make oath and say — first person, who I am, and that I may depose.
5. 5 GROUNDS Show the INTEREST — same facts, real loss, and that joinder lets the court decide it all completely.
6. 6 JURAT SWORN AT (place) THIS (date) — deponent signs, Commissioner signs. The jurat is what makes it sworn.

Under the COURT first seised, the PARTIES show a Defendant/Applicant at a HEADING; a TAKE NOTICE states the prayer to report the case to the Chief Justice, a HEARING date calls the court, sealed by a SIGNATURE.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the court FIRST seised — the motion is a step inside the existing suit, not a new case.
2. 2 PARTIES Plaintiff, then the Defendant who is ALSO the Applicant — the party asking for the move.
3. 3 HEADING Name the application — a MOTION ON NOTICE FOR AN ORDER OF TRANSFER, so the other side is warned and heard.
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — Counsel will move the court to REPORT the case to the Chief Justice for transfer, on the grounds in the accompanying affidavit.
5. 5 HEARING Give the court a date — moved on the day, at 9 in the forenoon, on at least three clear days' notice.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Applicant, filed with the Registrar, served on the Plaintiff.

Under the COURT, the PARTIES match the motion at a HEADING; an OATH names the deponent, the GROUNDS prove the hardship, sworn shut by a JURAT.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the affidavit wears the title of the cause it supports.
2. 2 PARTIES Identical title to the motion — Plaintiff, and the Defendant/Applicant deposing.
3. 3 HEADING Name the deponent in the heading — AFFIDAVIT OF (name) IN SUPPORT OF the motion to transfer.
4. 4 OATH I, name of address, make oath and say — first person, who I am, and that I may depose.
5. 5 GROUNDS Prove the ONE ground — land, parties and witnesses all in the Central Region; injustice if it stays in Accra.
6. 6 JURAT SWORN AT (place) THIS (date) — deponent signs, Commissioner signs. The jurat is what makes it sworn.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES show a Defendant/Applicant; a HEADING names it as an ex parte motion for leave; a TAKE NOTICE prays for leave to issue and serve a third party notice; the GROUNDS state the entitlement to contribution or indemnity; and an EX PARTE footer warns that no one is served at this stage.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the suit ALREADY running — the leave application is a step inside the pending action, not a new case.
2. 2 PARTIES Only the two existing parties appear — the proposed third party is NOT yet a party and is NOT named in the title.
3. 3 HEADING Name the application — an EX PARTE MOTION FOR LEAVE, brought under Order 15 r.1(2).
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — moved EX PARTE for (a) LEAVE to issue and serve the notice, (b) directions on time, (c) further orders.
5. 5 GROUNDS UPON THE GROUNDS — entitled to contribution / indemnity from the proposed third party; particulars in the supporting affidavit.
6. 6 EX PARTE Signed for the Applicant, filed with the Registrar — but NO service line, because EX PARTE means no one is given notice.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES block carries the suit title; a HEADING names it the Affidavit in Support; the OATH opens with the deponent making oath; the FIVE POINTS march through r.1(2)(a)-(e); and a JURAT seals it, sworn before a Commissioner for Oaths.

1. 1 COURT Same masthead as the motion — the affidavit is filed in the SAME suit, under the SAME number.
2. 2 PARTIES The suit title — still only the two existing parties; the proposed third party is DESCRIBED here, not yet named in the heading.
3. 3 HEADING Name the document — AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT — so the reader knows it is the sworn pair of the motion.
4. 4 OATH I, NAME, occupation, address, MAKE OATH AND SAY — the deponent identifies himself and swears.
5. 5 FIVE POINTS THE FIVE REQUIRED POINTS — claim · stage · my claim · facts · name+address. Miss one and leave can be refused or set aside.
6. 6 JURAT SWORN AT… BEFORE ME… a Commissioner for Oaths — the jurat that makes it evidence.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES now show THREE — plaintiff, defendant AND third party; a HEADING names the Third Party Notice issued by leave; a CLAIM sets out the plaintiff's claim and the defendant's claim over; an APPEAR demand gives eight days or deemed admission; and an ISSUE footer carries the seal, the writ and all pleadings.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit number — the notice opens a sub-action INSIDE the existing suit, not a new case.
2. 2 PARTIES NOW there are THREE — Plaintiff, Defendant AND Third Party; from service, the third party is a party to the action.
3. 3 HEADING THIRD PARTY NOTICE — issued pursuant to the court's ORDER granting leave, dated on its face.
4. 4 CLAIM The three things a notice MUST contain — the plaintiff's claim, the defendant's claim over, and the question to be determined.
5. 5 APPEAR EIGHT DAYS to appear — fail, and you are DEEMED to admit the claim and bound by the judgment (r.5).
6. 6 ISSUE Signed for the Defendant, sealed by the Registrar (two copies), served WITH the writ and ALL pleadings.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES show a Plaintiff/Applicant; a HEADING names it a motion for leave to amend; a TAKE NOTICE prays for leave to amend the Statement of Claim as exhibited; the GROUNDS invoke the real-question-in-controversy test; and a SIGNATURE seals it, served on notice with the proposed amendment exhibited.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the suit already running — the motion to amend is a step inside the existing action, not a new case.
2. 2 PARTIES Plaintiff who is ALSO the Applicant — the party seeking leave to amend his own pleading.
3. 3 HEADING Name the application — MOTION ON NOTICE FOR LEAVE TO AMEND, brought under Order 16 rr.5(1) and 11.
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — moved for (a) LEAVE to amend the SoC as set out in the proposed Amended SoC, Exhibit PA1; (b) directions on time; (c) further orders.
5. 5 GROUNDS UPON THE GROUNDS — the amendment ought to be made to determine the REAL QUESTIONS IN CONTROVERSY; particulars in the supporting affidavit.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Applicant, filed with the Registrar, served ON NOTICE on the Defendant — with the proposed Amended SoC exhibited PA1.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES block carries the suit title; a HEADING names it the Affidavit in Support; the OATH opens with the Plaintiff making oath; the GROUNDS give the reason, the real question, the same-facts limitation point and the no-prejudice point; and a JURAT seals it, sworn before a Commissioner for Oaths.

1. 1 COURT Same masthead as the motion — the affidavit is filed in the SAME suit, under the SAME number.
2. 2 PARTIES The suit title — Plaintiff/Applicant and Defendant, exactly as on the motion.
3. 3 HEADING Name the document — AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT — the sworn pair of the motion to amend.
4. 4 OATH I, NAME, occupation, address, MAKE OATH AND SAY — then: I am the Plaintiff, the action was commenced by writ, pleadings have closed.
5. 5 GROUNDS The grounds — apply for leave (PA1) · the REASON · the real question · the SAME-FACTS limitation answer (r.5(5)) · no prejudice costs can't cure.
6. 6 JURAT SWORN AT… BEFORE ME… a Commissioner for Oaths — the jurat that makes it evidence.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES show Plaintiff and Defendant; a HEADING names the Notice of Discontinuance; a TAKE NOTICE states the plaintiff wholly discontinues, no defence yet served; a COSTS undertaking promises the defendant's taxed costs; and a SIGNATURE seals it, filed and served.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the suit being ended — the notice is filed in the SAME action it discontinues.
2. 2 PARTIES Plaintiff and Defendant, plainly — NO 'Applicant' tag, because there is no motion on this route.
3. 3 HEADING Name the document — NOTICE OF DISCONTINUANCE, brought under Order 17 r.2(1).
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — the Plaintiff wholly discontinues (or withdraws a part), no defence yet served / no fresh step taken since the defence.
5. 5 COSTS AND the Plaintiff shall pay the Defendant's costs, to be taxed — the price of walking away.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Dated, signed by counsel for the Plaintiff, filed at the Registry and served on the Defendant.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES show a Plaintiff/Applicant; a HEADING names it a motion for leave to discontinue; a TAKE NOTICE prays for leave AND liberty to re-sue AND costs; the GROUNDS point to the supporting affidavit; and a SIGNATURE seals it, served on notice.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the suit being ended — the motion is a step inside the action it asks to discontinue.
2. 2 PARTIES Plaintiff who is ALSO the Applicant — the party asking leave to end his own claim.
3. 3 HEADING Name the application — MOTION ON NOTICE FOR LEAVE TO DISCONTINUE, brought under Order 17 r.2(3).
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — moved for (a) LEAVE to discontinue, (b) LIBERTY to re-sue (ask expressly!), (c) costs, (d) further orders.
5. 5 GROUNDS UPON THE GROUNDS set out in the supporting affidavit — the reason to discontinue and the answer to the Sasraku attack on liberty.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Applicant, filed with the Registrar, served ON NOTICE on the Defendant.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES block carries the suit title; a HEADING names it the Affidavit in Support; the OATH opens with the Plaintiff making oath and proving the fresh step; the GROUNDS give the reason and answer the Sasraku six on liberty; and a JURAT seals it, sworn before a Commissioner for Oaths.

1. 1 COURT Same masthead as the motion — the affidavit is filed in the SAME suit, under the SAME number.
2. 2 PARTIES The suit title — Plaintiff/Applicant and Defendant, exactly as on the motion.
3. 3 HEADING Name the document — AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT — the sworn pair of the motion to discontinue.
4. 4 OATH I, NAME, MAKE OATH AND SAY — I am the Plaintiff; the writ issued, the defence was served, and I have since taken a fresh step, so leave is now required.
5. 5 GROUNDS The grounds — the REASON to discontinue · LIBERTY answered against the SASRAKU SIX · prejudice met by costs.
6. 6 JURAT SWORN AT… BEFORE ME… a Commissioner for Oaths — the jurat that makes it evidence.

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES show the Plaintiff as Applicant; a HEADING names it an APPLICATION FOR DIRECTIONS under Order 32 r.2; a TAKE NOTICE fixes a hearing at least eight days off, within a month of the close of pleadings; the ISSUES & DIRECTIONS list the questions for trial — drawn from the pleadings — and the directions sought; and a SIGNATURE seals it, served on the Defendant, who may add his own issues, a late filing still not fatal.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the suit already running — directions is a stock-take INSIDE the pending action, taken once the pleadings close.
2. 2 PARTIES The plaintiff is the APPLICANT — taking out directions is normally HIS job; if he sleeps, the defendant may take them or move to dismiss.
3. 3 HEADING Name it APPLICATION FOR DIRECTIONS and cite Order 32 r.2 — the stock-take rule. It is case management, not a formality.
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — moved on a day NOT LESS THAN EIGHT DAYS after service, and WITHIN ONE MONTH of the close of pleadings.
5. 5 ISSUES & DIRECTIONS The ISSUES come from the pleadings (Hammond v Odoi); the DIRECTIONS map the road to trial — discovery, witness statements, place & mode, a timetable, ADR.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed, filed and served — the Defendant may add his OWN issues, and a late filing is NOT fatal (Armah v Hydrafoam).

A HEADING names it a LIST OF DOCUMENTS under Order 21 r.2, filed in the suit on foot; the DISCLOSING PARTY states what it has, or has had, in its possession, custody or power; SCHEDULE 1 turns face-up the documents it does not object to producing; SCHEDULE 2 lists what is objected to, with the ground; an INSPECTION clause opens them within seven days; and a VERIFY & PENALTY line swears the list true and warns that hiding a document brings strike-out or contempt.

1. 1 HEADING Headed in the suit on foot — LIST OF DOCUMENTS under Order 21 r.2, filed within FOURTEEN DAYS of the close of pleadings.
2. 2 DISCLOSING PARTY The party states what it has, or HAS HAD, in its possession, custody or power — documents you once held still get listed.
3. 3 SCHEDULE 1 Schedule 1 = the cards turned FACE-UP — documents you do NOT object to producing, listed and described.
4. 4 SCHEDULE 2 Schedule 2 = documents objected to — you still LIST them, but state the GROUND (e.g. legal professional privilege).
5. 5 INSPECTION Listing isn't enough — the other side may INSPECT the Schedule 1 documents within SEVEN DAYS (r.7).
6. 6 VERIFY & PENALTY The list may be VERIFIED BY AFFIDAVIT (r.2(8)) — and hiding a document brings strike-out, loss of its use, or CONTEMPT (r.14).

A HEADING names them INTERROGATORIES under Order 22 (Form 10); the PARTIES show who asks and who must answer; a BY LEAVE line records that the court allowed them; an ANSWER ON OATH clause requires the reply on affidavit within the period fixed; the QUESTIONS pin the other side to specifics; and a TEETH line warns that an insufficient answer is ordered fuller and the answers are evidence at trial.

1. 1 HEADING Headed in the suit on foot — INTERROGATORIES under Order 22, in Form 10.
2. 2 PARTIES One party ASKS; the other must ANSWER — interrogatories run only between PARTIES to the cause, not strangers.
3. 3 BY LEAVE BY LEAVE only — and leave is given only for what is NECESSARY to dispose of the cause fairly or save costs (no fishing, r.5).
4. 4 ANSWER ON OATH The answer comes back ON AFFIDAVIT (Form 11), within the period the order fixes — a sworn answer, not a casual reply.
5. 5 THE QUESTIONS Numbered, specific QUESTIONS — each pinning the other side to a fact: a date, an act, a figure.
6. 6 TEETH An INSUFFICIENT answer can be ordered fuller (r.7) — and the answers may be PUT IN EVIDENCE at trial.

A HEADING names it a REQUEST TO ADMIT under Order 23 (Form 12); the PARTIES show who requests and who must respond; a FOR THIS CAUSE ONLY line confines the admission to this suit; a 14-DAY CLOCK sets the unforgiving deadline; the WHAT TO ADMIT asks for the truth of a fact and the authenticity of a document; and a THE TRAP line warns that silence in fourteen days is a deemed admission.

1. 1 HEADING Headed in the suit on foot — REQUEST TO ADMIT under Order 23, in Form 12; the reply comes in Form 13.
2. 2 PARTIES One party REQUESTS; the other must RESPOND — and it is the RESPONDING party's diary that the clock punishes.
3. 3 FOR THIS CAUSE ONLY The admission is FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS CAUSE ONLY — it binds in this suit, not against the world.
4. 4 THE 14-DAY CLOCK Respond WITHIN FOURTEEN DAYS, in Form 13 — admit, deny, or give a reason to refuse. The clock is short and unforgiving.
5. 5 WHAT TO ADMIT Two things can be requested: the TRUTH of a FACT, and the AUTHENTICITY of a DOCUMENT.
6. 6 THE TRAP SILENCE = ADMISSION. No response in fourteen days and the fact or document is DEEMED ADMITTED (r.3) — withdrawn only on consent or leave (r.5).

Under the COURT already seised, the PARTIES show the suit the evidence belongs to; a HEADING names it the WITNESS STATEMENT OF Maa Konadu under Order 38 r.3B; THE WITNESS speaks in the first person — "I … WILL SAY" — identified by residence and occupation; THE EVIDENCE is set out in numbered paragraphs of only what she could say orally — her evidence-in-chief; and a STATEMENT OF TRUTH verifies it as true and is signed, the trial-stage descendant of the affidavit's oath.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the suit on foot — a witness statement is filed in the pending action, at the directions stage.
2. 2 PARTIES Same parties as the suit — the statement is a witness's evidence FOR one side in this action.
3. 3 HEADING Name whose statement it is — WITNESS STATEMENT OF [name] — under Order 38 r.3B. One statement per witness.
4. 4 THE WITNESS I … WILL SAY' — first person, identified by residence and occupation; facts within own knowledge save where a source is named.
5. 5 THE EVIDENCE Numbered paragraphs of ONLY what she could say ORALLY — this IS the evidence-in-chief (r.3E); serve it on time or no oral evidence without leave (r.3D).
6. 6 STATEMENT OF TRUTH It MUST carry a STATEMENT OF TRUTH (r.3C) — the trial-stage descendant of the affidavit's oath; verify it false and the gravest consequences follow.

Under the COURT a WRIT OF SUBPOENA issues in Form 14; it is addressed TO THE WITNESS by name and address; THE COMMAND — "WE COMMAND YOU to attend" — runs from day to day until the trial concludes; AD TESTIFICANDUM compels the witness to give evidence; DUCES TECUM compels production of the listed documents; and an ISSUE & SERVICE line seals it by the registry and requires personal service within twelve weeks.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the suit on foot — a WRIT OF SUBPOENA in Form 14, issued on a request in Form 15.
2. 2 TO THE WITNESS Addressed TO the witness by name — a subpoena compels a NON-PARTY, unlike interrogatories which bind a party.
3. 3 THE COMMAND WE COMMAND YOU to attend — and so from DAY TO DAY until the trial of this action is concluded.
4. 4 AD TESTIFICANDUM AD TESTIFICANDUM — to GIVE EVIDENCE: the subpoena that compels a witness to attend and testify.
5. 5 DUCES TECUM DUCES TECUM — and BRING THE DOCUMENTS: the form that compels production at trial. List them precisely.
6. 6 ISSUE & SERVICE Sealed by the registry on a Form 15 request; SERVED PERSONALLY, within TWELVE WEEKS of issue (rr.12-13).

Under the COURT that tried the cause, the PARTIES gain new names — Judgment Creditor and Judgment Debtor; a HEADING names it an ENTRY OF JUDGMENT under Order 41 r.7 (Form 17); a RECITAL records the trial and the day judgment was pronounced (from which it takes effect, r.5); the ADJUDICATION sets out what is adjudged — the declaration, the consequential order, the money and costs; and an ENTRY & THE STATE line has the creditor draw it up for entry in the judgment book, with the State's s.15 certificate as the gate to any execution against the Republic.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the suit that was tried — the entry of judgment closes the record of the same action, in the same court.
2. 2 PARTIES The parties gain NEW names — the winner is the JUDGMENT CREDITOR, the loser the JUDGMENT DEBTOR.
3. 3 HEADING Name it ENTRY OF JUDGMENT and cite Order 41 r.7 (Form 17) — the drawing-up-and-entry rule.
4. 4 THE RECITAL Recite the trial and the day judgment was PRONOUNCED — the day from which it takes effect (r.5).
5. 5 THE ADJUDICATION IT IS ADJUDGED — a DECLARATION is not executable (r.1), so add the CONSEQUENTIAL ORDER (with a time, r.4), the money (forthwith / instalments, r.8) and costs.
6. 6 ENTRY & THE STATE The creditor DRAWS IT UP and the Registrar ENTERS it in the judgment book (r.7) — but against the STATE, no execution without the s.15 certificate (Act 555).

Under the COURT that decided the cause, the PARTIES are now Judgment Creditor and Judgment Debtor; a HEADING names the ENTRY OF JUDGMENT — the record drawn up, entered and served personally as the first step; then each relief carries its own enforcement key — LAND → POSSESSION a writ of possession with leave; MONEY → THE MENU fi.fa, garnishee, charging order or receiver; and AN ACT → COMMITTAL committal or sequestration, but only behind a penal notice, an appeal being no stay.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the suit that was decided — enforcement is a continuation of the same action, not a new one.
2. 2 PARTIES The winner is the JUDGMENT CREDITOR (entitled to enforce); the loser the JUDGMENT DEBTOR (against whom enforcement runs).
3. 3 HEADING ENTRY OF JUDGMENT — the record you DRAW UP, ENTER and SERVE PERSONALLY first; no entry = nothing to enforce (Akowuah v Amoo).
4. 4 LAND → POSSESSION Land → a WRIT OF POSSESSION, with leave and notice to occupiers (O.43 r.3); goods → a writ of delivery (r.4).
5. 5 MONEY → THE MENU Money → the MENU OF FIVE: fi.fa · garnishee · charging order · receiver — pick one or more (O.43 r.1).
6. 6 AN ACT → COMMITTAL A do/abstain order → COMMITTAL or SEQUESTRATION (r.5) — but ONLY after a PENAL NOTICE served personally (r.7); and an appeal is NOT a stay (r.11).

Under the COURT, two PARTIES stand — now creditor and debtor — at a TITLE that names the writ; the COMMAND orders seizure and sale of enough property for the debt, the INDORSEMENTS cover leave and movables-first, all sealed by the Registrar's ISSUE & SEAL, valid twelve months.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — but now AFTER judgment: this is enforcement, not trial.
2. 2 PARTIES Two roles, relabelled — the winner is the Judgment / Execution CREDITOR, the loser the Judgment / Execution DEBTOR.
3. 3 TITLE Name it — a WRIT OF FIERI FACIAS: a writ of EXECUTION (Order 44) that works by SEIZURE AND SALE (Order 45).
4. 4 COMMAND TO THE BAILIFF: cause to be made of the debtor's property ENOUGH for the debt + interest + costs — by SEIZURE AND SALE.
5. 5 INDORSEMENTS Two indorsements — LEAVE to issue where required (r 3); and before you levy on LAND, swear the movables were not enough (r 2(3)-(4)).
6. 6 ISSUE & SEAL Issued and SEALED by the Registrar — and valid 12 MONTHS: renew it before it expires (Order 44 r 9).

Under the COURT, three PARTIES now stand — creditor, debtor and garnishee — at a HEADING; a MOTION ex parte prays for an order nisi attaching the debt, a HEARING fixes the show-cause day, sealed by a SIGNATURE with no service line.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — but now AFTER judgment: this is enforcement, not trial.
2. 2 PARTIES THREE roles now — Judgment Creditor, Judgment Debtor, and the Garnishee who owes the debtor.
3. 3 HEADING Name it — an EX PARTE garnishee order to SHOW CAUSE (the order nisi).
4. 4 MOTION MOTION EX PARTE — that the Garnishee show cause why it should not pay, and that the debt be attached meanwhile.
5. 5 HEARING The order fixes the show-cause day — then it is served ≥ 7 days ahead on the garnishee and the debtor.
6. 6 SIGNATURE Signed for the Judgment Creditor – Applicant, filed with the Registrar — and NO 'AND TO' line, because the MOTION is ex parte.

Under the COURT, three PARTIES stand at a HEADING; an OATH names the deponent, the GROUNDS prove the unpaid judgment and the garnishee's debt, sworn shut by a JURAT.

1. 1 COURT Same court, same suit — the affidavit wears the title of the cause it supports.
2. 2 PARTIES Identical three-role title — Judgment Creditor – Applicant, Judgment Debtor, Garnishee.
3. 3 HEADING Name the deponent in the heading — AFFIDAVIT OF (name) IN SUPPORT OF the garnishee motion.
4. 4 OATH I, name of address, make oath and say — who I am, and that I may depose to these facts.
5. 5 GROUNDS Identify the judgment + sum unpaid · the debtor banks with the garnishee · so the garnishee owes the debtor.
6. 6 JURAT WHEREFORE I swear — SWORN AT (place) THIS (date), deponent signs, Commissioner signs.

Headed in the COURT seised of the execution, the summons is addressed TO THE CLAIMANTS — the two rivals; a HEADING names it relief by way of INTERPLEADER under Order 48 (two kinds — stakeholder and Registrar's); a TAKE NOTICE says the Applicant will move the Court; the RELIEFS ask the claimants to maintain or relinquish, an issue to be tried, and the Applicant discharged; and a SERVE line puts it on notice to every claimant, pinned for the Registrar's branch to the notice of claim.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the EXECUTION suit — a Registrar's interpleader arises out of the execution already on foot.
2. 2 THE CLAIMANTS Addressed TO the two rival CLAIMANTS — the Applicant is the neutral man in the middle who serves them both.
3. 3 HEADING Name it RELIEF BY WAY OF INTERPLEADER (Order 48) — two kinds: stakeholder (r.1(a)) and Registrar's (r.1(b)).
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — the Applicant moves the Court to bring the rivals in and let the man in the middle step out.
5. 5 THE RELIEFS Three reliefs: MAINTAIN-or-RELINQUISH (r.2) · an ISSUE stated and tried (r.7) · the Applicant DISCHARGED on paying in.
6. 6 SERVE & REGISTRAR'S BRANCH Serve EVERY claimant; no particulars in 7 days = abandon (r.6); duck the contest = FOREVER BARRED (r.10); the Registrar's branch rides the notice of claim (O.44 rr.12-13).

Headed in the COURT seised of the execution, the affidavit shows the PARTIES — the Applicant against the two Claimants; a HEADING names it the AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT under Order 48 r.4; THE OATH has the Applicant depose in the first person; THE THREE PROOFS swear no interest, no collusion, and willingness to pay in; and a JURAT seals it, annexing the notice of claim for the Registrar's branch.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the same execution suit — the affidavit travels with the interpleader summons.
2. 2 PARTIES The Applicant is the man in the middle; the rivals are the Claimants — the affidavit is the Applicant's own oath.
3. 3 HEADING Name it AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT — its one job is the three r.4 proofs.
4. 4 THE OATH First person, on oath — the man in the middle swears he is genuinely neutral.
5. 5 THE THREE PROOFS The THREE PROOFS (r.4): (a) NO INTEREST · (b) NO COLLUSION · (c) WILLING TO PAY IN — all three, or you are not a true stakeholder.
6. 6 JURAT & THE ANNEX Jurat sworn before a Commissioner for Oaths; for the Registrar's branch, ANNEX the notice of claim (O.44 rr.12-13).

Titled in the COURT above — the appeal goes up; the PARTIES are recast as Appellant and Respondent; a HEADING names it the NOTICE OF APPEAL (Order 51 r.1 / Rule 8 C.I. 19); a TAKE NOTICE says the dissatisfied Appellant appeals against the whole (or part) of the decision below; the GROUNDS & RELIEF state the concise, particularised grounds and what is sought; and a PARTIES, TIME & NO STAY line names who is served, fixes the filing clock, and warns the appeal is no stay.

1. 1 COURT Titled in the COURT ABOVE — the appeal goes UP, under a new CIVIL APPEAL number, from the court below.
2. 2 PARTIES The DISSATISFIED party is the APPELLANT; the other side the RESPONDENT — the roles are recast from the suit below.
3. 3 HEADING Name it NOTICE OF APPEAL — the document that LAUNCHES the appeal (O.51 r.1; Rule 8 C.I. 19) and must state FOUR things.
4. 4 TAKE NOTICE TAKE NOTICE — dissatisfied with the decision below, the Appellant appeals against the WHOLE (or a stated PART).
5. 5 GROUNDS & RELIEF GROUNDS concise & non-argumentative, with PARTICULARS (Hotel Majorie Y v Monyo); plus the one general ground 'against the weight of the evidence'; then the RELIEF.
6. 6 PARTIES, TIME & NO STAY Name the PARTIES served; file IN TIME (interlocutory 21 days NO extension / final 3 months); and an appeal is NOT a stay — move separately.

Headed in the COURT like any High Court suit, the PARTIES show a licensed moneylender suing her borrower; a HEADING marks it a moneylender's action under Order 59 (one of two special actions); a LICENCE INDORSEMENT must sit on the writ before it issues; the PARTICULARS lay the loan bare in the statement of claim; and a NO DEFAULT WITHOUT LEAVE line holds back judgment on a silent defendant and reminds that unlicensed lending is not void.

1. 1 COURT Headed like any High Court suit — but a moneylender's action carries special burdens an ordinary plaintiff never faces.
2. 2 PARTIES The lender (or her assignee) sues the borrower — a moneylender's action to recover money lent or enforce the security.
3. 3 HEADING Order 59 governs TWO actions — a MONEYLENDER'S action (recover money lent / enforce the security) and a MORTGAGE action (pay · sell · receiver · possession · release).
4. 4 THE LICENCE INDORSEMENT No moneylender's writ without the LICENCE INDORSEMENT (r.2) — indorse, before issue, that you were licensed when the loan was made.
5. 5 THE PARTICULARS Lay the loan bare in the claim (r.3) — date · amount lent · rate · the signed note · repaid · unpaid+due · interest accrued.
6. 6 NO DEFAULT WITHOUT LEAVE Silence is NOT surrender — no default judgment without LEAVE on notice (rr.4-5); and unlicensed ≠ void — the court slashes harsh interest, not the principal.

Headed in the COURT (PROBATE) in the matter of the deceased's estate, the APPLICANT deposes to her ENTITLEMENT on the priority ladder; a HEADING names it an APPLICATION FOR A GRANT under Order 66; the affidavit proves the DEATH and whether there is a WILL; declares the VALUE of the estate; and a NOTICE, CAVEAT & INTERMEDDLING line holds back the grant for 21 days, freezes it behind a caveat, and warns that touching the estate without a grant is an offence.

1. 1 COURT (PROBATE) Headed in the PROBATE court, IN THE MATTER OF the estate of the deceased — a grant is sought, not a contest begun.
2. 2 APPLICANT & ENTITLEMENT ENTITLEMENT first — name your place on the ladder: executor (r.12 testate) or spouse → children → parents → customary successor, max FOUR (r.13 intestate).
3. 3 HEADING Name it APPLICATION FOR A GRANT (PROBATE / LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION) under Order 66 rr.8-10.
4. 4 DEATH & WILL Prove the DEATH (certificate exhibited, r.9(2)) — and say whether there is a WILL (probate) or none (LA under PNDCL 111).
5. 5 DECLARATION OF VALUE Declare the VALUE of the estate (r.9(3)) — the figure on which fees are assessed and the grant is sized.
6. 6 NOTICE, CAVEAT & INTERMEDDLING No LA grant until the 21-DAY NOTICE (r.10); the Registrar won't seal while a CAVEAT stands; and touching the estate without a grant is INTERMEDDLING (r.3).

Headed in the COURT (PROBATE) in the matter of the estate, the citation runs from a CITOR to the CITED executor or prior-ranked person; a HEADING names it a CITATION under Order 66 r.7 / r.15; a 14-DAY DEMAND requires the cited person to prove/renounce or accept/refuse; the OR LOSE THE RIGHT warns the right is extinguished on default; and a CAVEAT MIRROR contrasts the defensive Form 24 that freezes a grant.

1. 1 COURT (PROBATE) Headed in the PROBATE court, in the matter of the estate — a citation moves the grant along, it is not a fresh suit.
2. 2 CITOR & CITED The CITOR (who wants the estate moving) cites the CITED — the named executor, or the person with a prior right who will not act.
3. 3 HEADING Name it a CITATION — to PROVE/RENOUNCE (r.7) or to ACCEPT/REFUSE a grant (r.15).
4. 4 THE 14-DAY DEMAND TAKE NOTICE — within FOURTEEN DAYS of service, prove/renounce (r.7) or accept/refuse a grant (r.15).
5. 5 OR LOSE THE RIGHT Fail to act and your right is EXTINGUISHED / passed over — a grant may then issue to the citor or the next entitled.
6. 6 THE CAVEAT MIRROR Citation is the SWORD (forces action); the CAVEAT (Form 24) is the SHIELD — it stops a grant issuing without notice to you.

Headed in the COURT that gave judgment, the PARTIES are the party entitled to costs and the party liable; a HEADING names it a BILL OF COSTS FOR TAXATION under Order 74; a COSTS ORDER recites the order that the loser pay the winner's costs; the THREE HEADS itemise court fees, reasonable expenses and the lawyer's fee; and a SUMMARY OR TAXATION line sends the bill to be fixed at judgment or taxed, padded items cut.

1. 1 COURT Headed in the suit that was decided — the bill flows from the costs order the court has already made.
2. 2 PARTIES Costs follow the event — the winner is the party ENTITLED to costs, the loser the party LIABLE for them.
3. 3 HEADING Name it BILL OF COSTS FOR TAXATION (Order 74) — costs are in the court's DISCRETION (Eid v Eid).
4. 4 THE COSTS ORDER Recite the ORDER that the loser pay the winner's costs — the bill is submitted for assessment / taxation.
5. 5 THE THREE HEADS Three COMPENSATORY heads (r.2(3)): COURT FEES · reasonable EXPENSES (incl. travel) · the lawyer's reasonable FEE — then the TOTAL.
6. 6 SUMMARY OR TAXATION Fixed SUMMARILY at judgment if practicable (r.2(5)) — else sent to TAXATION (r.2(6)); padded items cut, and your own conduct can reduce it (r.2(4)(d)).

The COURT is chosen by the office challenged — High Court for a seat, Supreme Court for the presidency; the PETITIONER & RESPONDENTS turn on capacity under s.17; a MATTER & HEADING recites the election and the governing statutes; the petition shows the DECLARED RESULT; sets out the GROUNDS & RELIEF; and a 21-DAY CLOCK — the one deadline no judge can move — governs it all.

1. 1 COURT (THE TWO FORA) The COURT is jurisdictional — PARLIAMENTARY → the High Court (appeal to the Court of Appeal ONLY); PRESIDENTIAL → the Supreme Court.
2. 2 PETITIONER & RESPONDENTS CAPACITY is jurisdictional (s.17) — only a candidate, a registered voter entitled to vote, or (presidential) a citizen may petition; join the EC.
3. 3 THE MATTER & HEADING Recite the MATTER — the election + the Representation of the People Act 1992 (PNDCL 284) and the Constitution — then name it an ELECTION PETITION.
4. 4 THE DECLARED RESULT You cannot petition before the result is DECLARED — even for corruption (Ex parte Hawa Yakubu); recite the declaration (and the Gazette).
5. 5 GROUNDS & RELIEF Plead the GROUNDS (irregularity / non-compliance / corrupt practice, with particulars) and PRAY the relief — not duly elected / election void, with costs.
6. 6 THE 21-DAY CLOCK The 21-DAY clock is KING — from the Gazette (parliamentary) or declaration (presidential); NO extension (s.18(3)); no Order 81 mercy.